Islamic Seminary

The points that were put forward by the respected students are as follows:Mr. Muslimī from Qom: Strengthening the relation between a student and a teacher, taking care of students’ livelihood, changes in the textbooks, leading figures of ethics should be introduced in the field, separation of the field of study from jobs, education of students must be goal - orientated, strengthening of contemporary jurisprudence lessons, encouraging students to migrate.Shaykh Wuthūqī from the Sistan and Baluchestan Province -&nbsp;Lack of attention to the talent of the seminary in the province, which is the cause of low motivation, lack of suitable professors in the province, lack of educational facilities, the manager should be young and local and efficient, taking care of the livelihood of students, updating the courses of the Islamic Seminary according to the needs of the province.&nbsp;Shaykh Yazān Parast from Khuzestan Province –&nbsp;Thank you for implementing the suggestions of the Supreme Leader during the new tenure of management and there are complaints about the students abandoning their studies due to livelihood problems, the need for guidance from seminary elites, holding additional jurisprudence classes in the provinces, especially on virtual platforms.Mr. Barātī, level 1 student from the Islamic Seminary of Qom:&nbsp;The distance between the structure of the Islamic Seminary and emphasis of Ayatollah Aa’rāfī on trusting the youth to realize transformation; Expanding the cultural and developmental role played by the students; livelihood problems; Absence of the pillars of the Islamic Seminary among students; The necessity of change in research programs of the Islamic Seminary; Realization of the Islamic Seminary's transformational programs regarding university graduates who enter the Islamic Seminary; Abandonment of students after they enter the higher level; Importance of the role of the families of the students.Shaykh Sījānī from Golistan:&nbsp;During the new administration period, good programs have been carried out, such as strengthening theology and Quranic Interpretation Courses and strengthening the special tasks of students, the lack of teachers for advanced jurisprudence courses in the province.Shaykh Sharīfī from Qom:&nbsp;The need for structural transformation in the Islamic Seminary and the need to leave the existing structures and current bureaucracy, school-centered approach, official recognition of specialized courses, instead of compiling the minor details of specialized jurisprudence, frameworks should be compiled to include different styles, concerns about the Seminary degree, structure for religious propagation of the Seminary, a need for transformation in the discussion of spirituality especially with the influence of the western way of life and the medium of social media, giving preference to quality over quantity, entrusting students' affairs to concerned, hardworking and revolutionary administrators.Shaykh Mardānī from Lorestan:&nbsp;The necessity of taking care of the seminaries remain revolutionary, the need to establish specialized centres in other provinces, and if it is not possible to establish them, at least the establishment of these centres regionally should be considered, dealing with the state of how seminary schools are managed, limited financial resources for the seminaries in the province, supporting elite students in the province, no training programs for students in seminaries.Mr. Atābak, level 1 student from the Islamic Seminary of Qom:&nbsp;Teaching the discourse of the Islamic revolution in the seminary, talent assessment is good, but developing these talents requires a targeted program, in the domain of the management of the Islamic Seminary, student organizations can be used as a project.Shaykh Kafīlī from the East Azerbaijan Province:&nbsp;More discretion and facilities should be given to the provinces.Shaykh Sayfī from the Tehran Province:&nbsp;Lessons should be compiled so that students get to know scholarly figures and examine the method of scholarship of each one of them. Getting to know the scholarly figures of the Islamic Seminary can increase the students' motivation from the beginning.<figure class="image"><img src="https://fms.s3.ir-thr-at1.arvanstorage.com/neshast_cb011e4b7c_6295030a08.jpg"></figure>Shaykh Rahnamā:&nbsp;Referring to the satisfaction and hope of the Supreme Leader regarding the programs developed in the seminary of Qom, he stated that today, in addition to the jihad of expression regarding the Islamic revolution, we also need a jihad of expression within the seminary. If we can transfer the developed programs to the students and professors with a jihad-like movement and the students have a clear picture of their path, many problems will be solved.&nbsp;Contemporary jurisprudence, which has received a special welcome from students and professors, is a part of this huge program of the Islamic Seminary. Today, ambiguity in the main mission of the seminary elites, ambiguity in the document that states the vision of the seminary, the feeling of incompatibility between seminary education and the needs of society, and ambiguity in formulating the relationship between external relationships of the seminary and the role they play in society are obstacles that stand in the way of a student's growth.Shaykh Beheshtī:&nbsp;In every system, issues are left to the elites so that they can solve the problem, and this should also happen in the Islamic Seminary. Embellishing the existing forces and harmonizing them together is one of the much - needed tasks of the Islamic Seminary today.Shaykh Mūsawī from Qom:&nbsp;Declaring shortages and disorder in the Islamic Seminaries in the provinces; such that consolidating in provincial centers and sending professors to cities on a case-by-case basis can be considered as a solution. The need for integrated management, school management should not be a matter of taste. We must be able to bring students into the government environment and this requires organization. Using thesis and dissertations.Shaykh Tākī: The Islamic Seminary must define itself as the intellectual power of the revolution and the institution of knowledge, and it must have the power to gain access in the various programs that are formulated in the country. Today, we have a model of research in the seminary, but what we need is a model of realization, and today both the Vice-Chancellor of Research and the Department of &nbsp;Contemporary Jurisprudence must come acknowledge this model of realization.&nbsp;When we don't look at realization, we don't have a problem-solving model. Today, we face problems and solve problems that are in fact unproblematic.&nbsp;In my opinion, the Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence has a problem in subjectology and does not enter problem solving models and effective models. We need to define a complement in which everything from the subject to the effect is taken into consideration.

Director of the Islamic Seminaries, his eminence Ayatollah Aa’rāfī, met with 14 professors and students that expressed their views, suggestions, and criticisms.

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Heart-to-Heart Meeting of the Director of the Islamic Seminary with Professors and Students

Centre for Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh)

In the first part of his speech, he listed the primary components of the revolution as follows:&nbsp;<ol><li>The essence of the Islamic revolution is an intellectual, cognitive and learned essence.</li><li>The revolution has a historical and original history</li><li>The Islamic revolution is a modern revolution</li><li>The Islamic revolution is based on the idea of religious democracy</li><li>Independence and freedom are the two primary foundations in the Islamic revolution</li><li>National identity is established in the light of Islam and we have both a national and transnational view</li><li>Our revolution does not negate science and technology and human progress, but Islamic progress has different elements from Western progress</li><li>Adherence to Islamic law and jurisprudence</li></ol>&nbsp;The responsibility of all present-day revolutions is to recognize the challenges of distortion and infiltration such as replacing the martyr and the executioner (i.e reversing the perceived roles), negating achievements and services, purging the enemy and recognizing the cowardly attack on the idea of the Islamic Revolution. The Jihad of elaboration is a rational, logical, calculated jihad that is based on awareness and statistics.&nbsp;In the second part of his speech, Ayatullah A’rāfī while indicating towards the altruism of the Islamic Seminaries, he guided the present-day students as well towards the same path. He considered the domain of the Islamic Revolution as intellectual and present and explained the characteristics of the sphere of the Islamic Revolution as follows:&nbsp;<ol><li>Science-based and knowledge-based domain</li><li>Moral and God-oriented&nbsp;</li><li>Culture and propagation oriented&nbsp;</li><li>People oriented</li><li>Conscious and accurate political thinking&nbsp;</li><li>Accountability and observing the facts</li></ol>&nbsp;He then pointed out the challenges of today's seminaries&nbsp;whereby one of the challenges and weaknesses is taking the developed transformational programs between the teachers and students. Many programs have been compiled with the help of students and professors. Ayatollah Arafi later stated “that today we must overcome the challenge of reducing social capital, public relations, issues of moral damage and all-round movement of the enemy”.<figure class="image image_resized image-style-side" style="width:24.9%;"><img src="https://fms.s3.ir-thr-at1.arvanstorage.com/arfi_32a6831430.jpg"></figure>&nbsp;The Respected Head of the Islamic seminaries expressed the following with in detail regarding what the professors and students have said:<ul><li>I am at your service and apologize for the hundreds of omissions and mistakes, but I have made a promise to be honest and to give it all it takes. All the mentioned points will be followed and it is also necessary to state a few points:</li><li>I am present at the seminary 5-6 days a week, 8-16 hours a day. My presence is fully utilized in other places in promoting the seminary and over the last few years, I have travelled to approximately 20 provinces. The ambassador system and face-to-face meetings are still ongoing.</li></ul>&nbsp;There are about 100 projects that have started to be implemented and will show their results slowly. The endeavour has been that with a&nbsp; macro, coherent and systematic view to find a foundation and continuity of this movement with a. We will indicate a few here:&nbsp;- Targeted simulation within the scope of missions and special tasks of the seminary: Over four years, based on the efforts of the predecessors, about 70 simulations of the seminary have been identified. In this case, about forty agreements have been drawn up with related departments, and in some cases, several thousand students have attended and will continue.&nbsp;- Educational growth of the seminary: apart from the courses outside contemporary jurisprudence, twenty book titles [introductory courses in contemporary jurisprudence] have been introduced as supplementary books. The other part is the projects related to the system, which are assigned to centres and individuals, and to-date there are 100 output-oriented projects for the departments that are in operation. [Secretariat to support the researches needed by the system].<ul><li>Seminary programs: We have several large seminary and provincial programs; by the end of this year the five-year plan of each institution and school will be compiled. In addition, five-year plans for subjects such as contemporary jurisprudence have also been compiled.</li><li>&nbsp;Systematic role-playing in the defined areas of the system: in this regard, the steering headquarters has been formed and dozens of documents have been prepared.</li><li>Activities in the provinces: only a handful of schools have been added, but specialized centres, disciplines and research institutes have increased. The school improvement plan has also been followed. Decrease is in terms of quantity which has also occurred in universities due to population issues. Of course, we also have additional problems. But the quality has not decreased and the ranking of teachers and schools has been carried out.</li><li>Means of livelihood: a purposeful plan and respect for teachers is followed. We do not neglect a single day's livelihood. In the case of endowment, work has been focused for four years, although these endowments have faced several fundamental problems that are difficult to solve. But this year, all nourishment of the country has been managed with endowment(s).</li></ul>

In a meeting in the presence of Islamic Seminary students, Ayatullah A’rāfī spoke about the seminary’s most outstanding programs and measures.

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Ayatullah A’rāfī’s speech to Islamic Seminary Students regarding the most Outstanding Programs and Measures of the Seminary

Contemporary Jurisprudence Education

According to the Hawza News Agency, over the last few days, introductory courses on Contemporary Jurisprudence, as a new movement in the path of Ijtihādi evolution on the foundations of jurisprudence authored by Jawāhir ul Kalām, was the center of discussion amongst students of the seminary. In this regard, the measures which were promised by the Center of Contemporary Jurisprudence of the Islamic Seminaries, by the Grace of Allah have been fulfilled.&nbsp;The full text of this discussion which took place with Ayatullah A’rāfī, the Head of the Islamic Seminaries, is presented below:&nbsp;Initially, the Head of the Islamic Seminaries began by expressing his gratitude with this great step: From the previous year, it has been requested from the Center of Contemporary Jurisprudence that just as pleasing measures were taken to develop Advanced Level courses in Contemporary Jurisprudence, similar measures should be taken for text-oriented courses of Contemporary Jurisprudence. Thus, with co-ordination with different sections of education and technology at the headquarters and High Levels, the trial phase of this phase has begun.&nbsp;In fulfilling this measure the heritage of Contemporary Jurisprudence aims to archive the elders of the Islamic Seminary, who have always been leaders in contemporary issues throughout history, onto the Islamic Seminaries education platform, such that students, prior to entering advanced level classes of Contemporary Jurisprudence, become familiarized with the jurisprudential texts in contemporary subjects, as well as being acquainted to analytical and reasoning methods in this field.&nbsp;&nbsp;In continuation, Ayatullah A’rāfī stated: "In the first step, 19 books in 8 subjects have been selected. It has been endeavored that works from previous jurists such as Sheikh Ḥussain Ḥillī, Ayatullah Hāshimī Shahrūdī, Ayatullah Mu’min, Ayatullah Khalkhālī, is used as well as works from the present-day Respected Mara’je such as Ayatullah Makārem Shirāzī, Subḥānī and Sayed Kāẓim Hāeiri and from exceptional lecturers from advanced level courses of contemporary jurisprudence. These programs will be implemented based on the comprehensive plan and the 5-year plan of the Center of Contemporary Jurisprudence.&nbsp;At the end, the Head of the Islamic Seminaries expressed: “We are at the onset of this great task and invite all the teachers of the Higher Level and Advanced Level to help with their strong presence in strengthening this intellectual measure and new subjects and books will also be added in the future to these courses”.&nbsp;

Introductory courses on Contemporary Jurisprudence, new movement on the clear path of Ijtihādi evolution was center of discussion amongst the Islamic Seminary.

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Introductory Courses to Contemporary Jurisprudence is on the Path of Ijtihādi Evolution

Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi, in a meeting with the Director of the Islamic Seminaries (Hawza ‘Ilmiyya) and the Director of the Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh), expressed his satisfaction with the progress and scholarly outputs of the Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh), stating: “I am pleased with the advancement of the Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh) and its achievements”.&nbsp;Following the publication of a comprehensive critique—prepared with the assistance of numerous seminary and university researchers—of the draft UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, which was submitted to the Office of the President, the Centre for Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh) highlighted multiple clauses in the document that were deemed contrary to Islamic law (shar‘) and the cultural foundations of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In light of this strong scholarly foundation, the Office formally requested Ayatollah Alireza A‘rafi (may God preserve him), Director of the Islamic Seminaries, to initiate swift action toward drafting a national framework for artificial intelligence, so that the country would not once again face challenges similar to those experienced with the 2030 Agenda.&nbsp;With the coordination of the Director of the Islamic Seminaries, the necessary documents were prepared, and in an official letter—detailing the specialized and interdisciplinary capacities developed within the Centre for Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh) —Ayatollah A‘rafi called upon the President to halt the implementation of the UNESCO document in Iran and to place the drafting of a National AI Ethics Charter on the official agenda.This letter was referred for review to the Strategic Studies Center of the Presidency. Following negotiations conducted by the Center, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution was requested to entrust the drafting of the AI Ethics document to the Islamic Seminary.Today, an official letter was received from Dr. Saeed Reza Ameli, Secretary of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, formally requesting the Islamic Seminary to draft the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Document and submit it to the Council for approval.Under the guidance of the Director of the Islamic Seminaries, and in cooperation with other officials and respected figures, every effort will be made to utilize the full scholarly capacity of the Hawza in the preparation of this document.&nbsp;Given that the issues addressed under the ethics of artificial intelligence represent some of the most current, emerging, and cutting-edge topics globally, it is essential to recognize that the formulation of an ethical framework plays a guiding role in the sensitive process of AI development. It is hoped that the finalization of this national document within the Islamic Seminary will mark a turning point in enhancing the impact of the Hawza’s scholarly output on religious governance.

Grand Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi meets with the Director of the Islamic Seminaries (Hawza ‘Ilmiyya) and the Director of the Department of Contemporary Fiqh 

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Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi Meets with the Head of Hawza

The latest books of Contemporary Jurisprudence including ‘Jurisprudence of Crypto Currencies’, ‘Jurisprudence of Money’, ‘Medical Jurisprudence’, ‘Jurisprudence of Stock Exchange and Securities’, &nbsp;‘Jurisprudence of Rights and Financial Credits’, ‘The Jurisprudence of New Contracts’ have been published by ‘Intishārāt Hawze haye Ilmiya’ with support by the Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh).&nbsp;These books are based on valuable lessons held by Ayatullahs Muḥammad Qāeni, ‘Ali ‘Andalībī, Sayed Muḥammad Riḍā Modarressi, Muḥammad Taqī Shahīdī and Hussain Shūpāeī.&nbsp;Students and researchers can obtain these books from the Islamic Seminary Book Fair located in Qom at Maidāne Ruḥullah next to ‘Bayt e Imām’ or through the online bookshop of The Hawza Publications at the following website: <a href="https://nashrehowzeh.ir/">https://nashrehowzeh.ir/</a>&nbsp;By accessing the publishers website through the ‘Najāh’ portal or purchasing the books from the Book shop located at Maidāne Ruḥullah, students can benefit from a 50% discount.<figure class="image image_resized" style="width:67.97%;"><img src="https://fms.s3.ir-thr-at1.arvanstorage.com/kotob2_en_cebe71f52b.jpg"></figure>

The latest books on Contemporary Jurisprudence including ‘Jurisprudence of Crypto Currencies’, have been published and is available online and in bookshops.

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New Books on Contemporary Jurisprudence have been Published

Specialized Subjectology

The Islamic Seminary held a book event hosted by Ayatollah Arafi, Chancellor of Iran's Islamic Seminary, and Ayatollah Shab Zendehdar, a member of the Guardian Council, to unveil its latest publications that covered topics such as the jurisprudence of cryptocurrencies, securities and exchange, money, medicine, etc.Furthermore, the activities and programs of the Islamic Seminary's Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh) were reported, the highlights of which are as follows:<ul><li>Establishment of advanced (kharīj) courses on the topics of legislation and the separation of powers, money, securities and exchange, cryptocurrencies, and so forth;</li><li>Authoring of specialist books including notes and commentaries on the latest international expert opinions on the legal aspects of money, the ethics of artificial intelligence, and the international Special Drawing Rights (SDR) reserve asset; comprehensive review article on the draft text of UNESCO's Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence sent to the general conference in Paris.</li><li>Authoring the ijtihādī book "The Juridical Person and its Rulings".</li><li>Establishing a foundation for enhanced collaboration and partnership between universities and Islamic seminaries, while contributing to the global body of academic literature.</li><li>Manifesting a new and more academic cooperation between universities and Islamic seminaries.</li></ul> You can follow up on the latest academic accomplishments of the Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh) by following our official Eitaa channel:<a href="https://eitaa.com/joinchat/835584018C53bfbd8554">https://eitaa.com/joinchat/835584018C53bfbd8554</a>

During a ceremony hosted by Ayatollah Arafi and Ayatollah Shab Zendeh Dar, the Islamic Seminary unveiled latest publications on Contemporary Jurisprudence

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Islamic Seminary Unveils Latest Publications on Contemporary Jurisprudence

گزارش با زیرنویس انگلیسی.mp4

<figure class="image image_resized" style="width:87.12%;"><img src="https://fms.s3.ir-thr-at1.arvanstorage.com/Diagram_adac82ee84_7e81958a33.jpg"></figure>There are (several) points in relation to the graph which will be touched upon:&nbsp;<ul><li>The subject of contemporary jurisprudence attracted the most number of courses and students, with a significant difference,&nbsp;in comparison to other jurisprudential chapters in the Islamic Seminary.</li><li>Subjects of advanced level courses in contemporary jurisprudence include: Jurisprudence of Money, Jurisprudence of Banking, Jurisprudence of Stock Markets, Jurisprudence of Cryptocurrencies, Medical Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence of Upbringing, Family System, Jurisprudence of Habitancy, Jurisprudence of Virtual Space, Political Jurisprudence, Applied Jurisprudence, Islamic Economic System, Intellectual Property, Laws of Insurance, Legal and Commercial laws etc.</li><li>Almost 45% of advanced level students participated in advanced level courses in contemporary jurisprudence.</li></ul>&nbsp;This great achievement is a result of co-operation of the Council, Respected Head of the Islamic Seminaries, Headquarter and Line Managers and especially the professors (ustad), seminary graduates and a large number of academic researchers.&nbsp;&nbsp;We thank all the respected (aforementioned) people and announce that with the help of Allah, we will continue on the path of transformation of Ijtihad with more strength, precision and speed.&nbsp;

In this article, the graph of the number of advanced level courses and advanced level courses in contemporary jurisprudence within seminaries is presented.

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Report on the transformation of ijtihad of Contemporary Jurisprudence courses 2021-2022

The unveiling ceremony was held on Monday 8th Azar 1400 &nbsp;(29th November 2021). This ceremony was (held) online and broadcasted from several internet televisions and in total, more than 70,000 people viewed the ceremony online, which in comparison to similar subjects, is very remarkable.&nbsp;The complete text of the speeches and reports presented from the unveiling ceremony of Ijtihadi and Specialized books (by) the &nbsp;Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh) can be obtained from <a href="https://uupload.ir/view/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_0eu5.pdf/">here</a>.&nbsp;Similarly, the speech by Ayatullah Shab Zinde Daar in the unveiling ceremony of Ijtihadi and specialized books (by) the &nbsp;Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh) can also be obtained <a href="https://uupload.ir/view/%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_pyrh.pdf/">here</a>.&nbsp;Furthermore, the speech by the Head of the Centre for Contemporary Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Sheikh Itha ‘Asheri in this ceremony can also be viewed in this post.<figure class="image"><img src="https://fms.s3.ir-thr-at1.arvanstorage.com/roonamaee1_9a0765067b_07002fd629.jpg"></figure><figure class="image"><img src="https://fms.s3.ir-thr-at1.arvanstorage.com/roonamaee2_b296729703_091deb279e.jpg"></figure>

The unveiling ceremony of 9 volumes of new Ijtihadi and specialized books by the Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence of the Islamic Seminaries was held.

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Media Coverage of the Unveiling Ceremony of Ijtihadi Books Published by the Department of Contemporary Jurisprudence of the Islamic Seminaries

Subject: ‘Analyzing the Nature of Shares’Professor (Ustad): Ayatollah Muhammed Taqi ShaheediTime. Wednesdays 9-10 AMThe course will be held -in-person and in-abstentia (online)&nbsp;Link to participate in the lessons:<a href="https://www.instagram.com/ostadshahidi110">https://www.instagram.com/ostadshahidi110</a>&nbsp;Access to the lectures and text of the lessons:&nbsp;Eita: https://eitaa.com/salat_shahidTelegram: https://telegram.me/ostadshahidiWebsite: <a href="https://yun.ir/zsoxr8">https://yun.ir/zsoxr8</a><figure class="image"><img src="https://fiqhci.s3.ir-thr-at1.arvanstorage.com/Chat_GPT_Image_Jun_14_2026_01_45_32_PM_228ce0fc01.png"></figure>

Advanced Level lessons on Stock Markets and Securities has commenced.

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The Advanced Level lessons with the title of Stock Markets and Securities has commenced.

Advanced Level Lessons in Stock Markets and Securities, Ustad Shaheedi

Ustad Shaheedi's Advanced Level Lessons in Stock Markets and Securities

Professor (Ustad): Jawad MarwiTime: Wednesdays 7:15 AMLocation: Masjid of the Ayatullah Gulpaygani School&nbsp;Link to participate in the lessons:&nbsp;<a href="http://rubika.ir/ostadmarvi">http://rubika.ir/ostadmarvi</a><a href="https://ac.ismc.ir/rqd3077xxlp2">https://ac.ismc.ir/rqd3077xxlp2</a>&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://fiqhci.s3.ir-thr-at1.arvanstorage.com/Chat_GPT_Image_Jun_14_2026_01_49_08_PM_388a37f56e.png"></figure>

Advanced Level lessons in Contemporary Jurisprudence will be held on the subject of ‘Jurisprudence of Cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin’